Covent Garden stands as one of London’s most iconic districts, renowned for its vibrant market, historic architecture, and rich cultural heritage. But when exactly was Covent Garden built? This article delves into the origins of Covent Garden, tracing its development from a simple piazza to a bustling hub of commerce and entertainment. Along the way, we explore the historical context, architectural milestones, and evolution that have shaped this beloved London landmark.
Introduction
Covent Garden is synonymous with London’s theatrical and cultural scene, attracting millions of visitors each year. Its vibrant market, street performers, and historic buildings offer a unique blend of past and present. Yet, many wonder about the origins of this famous district. When was Covent Garden built? Understanding its construction timeline offers insights into London’s urban development and architectural history. This article covers the foundation of Covent Garden, the key figures involved in its design and construction, and how it evolved into the cultural hotspot it is today.
When Was Covent Garden Built?
The Origins of Covent Garden: Early 1600s
Covent Garden was built in the early 17th century, with the construction of its famous piazza beginning in 1630. The area was originally a garden belonging to the monks of Westminster Abbey, which is where the name “Covent Garden” (a corruption of “convent garden”) comes from.
- 1630: The first major development began when the land was granted to the 4th Earl of Bedford, Francis Russell.
- The Earl commissioned Inigo Jones, England’s first significant architect of the Renaissance, to design the new square and surrounding buildings.
Inigo Jones and the Birth of Covent Garden Piazza
Inigo Jones played a pivotal role in shaping Covent Garden’s architectural identity. His design introduced the first modern square in London, inspired by the piazzas of Italy, particularly those in Venice and Florence.
- The piazza was built as a residential square surrounding an open market space.
- Jones designed the St. Paul’s Church (now known as the St. Paul’s Church, Covent Garden), completed in 1633, which stands at the center of the square.
- This design marked a significant shift from medieval street layouts to a more organized urban plan.
Development Timeline
| Year | Event |
|————|———————————————–|
| 1630 | Construction of Covent Garden piazza begins |
| 1633 | Completion of St. Paul’s Church |
| 17th-18th C| Growth as a market and residential area |
| 1830s | Market expansion and redesign |
| 1974 | Market moves to Nine Elms, Covent Garden redeveloped |
Why Was Covent Garden Built?
Covent Garden was designed to serve multiple purposes:
- Residential Use: The piazza was initially a fashionable residential area for the aristocracy.
- Market Space: The central square functioned as a marketplace, especially for fruits and vegetables.
- Cultural Hub: Over the centuries, Covent Garden evolved into a center for theatre and the arts, notably with the establishment of the Royal Opera House.
The Evolution of Covent Garden Market
Although the piazza was built in 1630, Covent Garden’s market significance grew steadily over the centuries.
- By the 18th century, it had become London’s primary fruit and vegetable market.
- The market buildings expanded in the 19th century to accommodate growing trade.
- In 1974, the original market moved to Nine Elms, and the Covent Garden area was transformed into a shopping and tourist district.
Covent Garden’s Architectural and Cultural Impact
Covent Garden’s construction marked a milestone in London’s urban planning:
- First Planned Square: It was London’s first planned square, influencing future urban designs.
- Renaissance Architecture: Inigo Jones introduced classical architectural styles to England.
- Cultural Renaissance: The area became a focal point for the performing arts, including the Royal Opera House, which was established in the 18th century.
Frequently Asked Questions About Covent Garden’s Construction
When Was the Covent Garden Piazza Completed?
The piazza and its surrounding structures were completed by 1633, with St. Paul’s Church as the centerpiece.
Who Designed Covent Garden?
Inigo Jones designed Covent Garden, drawing inspiration from Italian Renaissance architecture.
What Was on the Site Before Covent Garden?
The site was originally the garden of Westminster Abbey’s monks before it was developed into a square and market.
Conclusion
Covent Garden was built in 1630, marking the beginning of a transformative era in London’s urban history. Designed by the renowned architect Inigo Jones, it introduced the first planned square in London and laid the groundwork for the area’s evolution into a vibrant market and cultural district. Understanding when Covent Garden was built sheds light on its importance as a historical and architectural landmark. Today, Covent Garden remains a testament to London’s rich past, blending history with modern-day culture.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast, architecture lover, or casual visitor, Covent Garden offers a glimpse into London’s 17th-century origins and enduring legacy. Next time you stroll through its lively streets, remember the vision of the 4th Earl of Bedford and Inigo Jones that brought this iconic district to life.
Explore more about London’s fascinating history or plan a visit to Covent Garden to experience its unique blend of past and present firsthand!
